Adenine - One of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with thymine.
Allele - A variation of a trait.
Amino acids - The monomers, or small organic molecule, that are put together to form proteins.
Aminoacyl attachment site - The cite where an amino acid is attached to tRNA.
Anticodon - The three nitrogenous bases complementary to a codon, located on tRNA, used to match the correct amino acids.
Base-pair - A pair of nitrogenous bases making up one "rung" of the DNA "ladder".
Bases - The nitrogen-containing parts of a nucleotide. In groups they code for amino acids during protein synthesis.
B-DNA - One of the two forms of DNA. B-DNA is a smooth spiral.
Chromosome - The most condensed form of DNA. Formed when condensed chromatin is wound tightly.
Chromatin - Nucleosomes that are wound into a spiral.
Codons - A set of three nitrogenous bases on mRNA that codes for an amino acid during protein synthesis.
Condensed chromatin - Extended chromatin that is then wound up into yet a tighter helix.
Cytosine - One of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with guanine.
Deoxyribose - The five-carbon sugar that forms the "backbone" of DNA.
Deoxyribonucleic acid - The basic genetic material. Used as a template for the construction of mRNA.
DNA - An acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA polymerase - The enzyme that pairs the bases when DNA replicates.
Dominant - An allele that is expressed when it in an organism heterozygous for that trait.
Double-helix - The shape of DNA; two spirals intertwined.
Electrophoresis - The process by which genes are sorted by length in a gel with electric current.
Expressed - The gene that appears on an organism.
Extended chromatin - Chromatin that has not been wound up into a tighter helix to form condensed chromatin.
Gene - A segment of DNA that functions as a unit.
Gene amplification - The process by which genes are extracted for experiments in the lab.
Genetics - The study of inheritance and hereditary traits.
Genotype - The genetic make up of an organism.
Genome - The sum of all the genetic information in a cell.
Guanine - One of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA. This base pairs with cytosine.
Heterozygous - An organism that has different alleles for both genes in the trait being considered
Histone - A small protein bead that is wrapped in DNA to form nucleosomes.
Homozygous - An organism that has the same allele for both genes in the trait being considered.
Hybrid - The offspring of a cross between two genetically different organisms.
Markers - The sequences surrounding a desired gene, used to locate that gene.
mRNA - Messenger RNA. This is the molecule produced by transcription. It is from this molecule that proteins
Mutagen - A factor (substance, radiation, etc.) that causes a change in DNA.
Nucleosomes - DNA wrapped around histones.
Nucleotides - The part of DNA or RNA that contains a base, a phosphate group, and a five-carbon sugar.
Phenotype - The genes that are expressed in an organism.
Phosphate group - The part of DNA or RNA that acts as a glue, holding the sugars to each other.
Polypeptides - A string of atleast 2 amino acids, most containing 100 to 300 amino acids.
Protein synthesis - The process of producing a protein.
Recessive - An allele that is not expressed when in an organism that is heterozygous for that trait.
Ribonucleic acid - Includes mRNA and tRNA. In contrast to DNA, it is single stranded, has uracil instead of thymine, and contains ribose instead of deoxyribose.
Ribose - The five-carbon sugar that acts as the RNA backbone.
Ribosomes - The site of protein synthesis. There are many of these organelles located within the cell.
RNA - An acronym for ribonucleic acid.
RNA polymerase - The enzyme that binds to DNA and joins complementary bases to form mRNA.
Thymine - One of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA. This base pairs with adenine.
Transcribed - The process through which an mRNA molecule is produced from a DNA template.
tRNA - Transfer RNA. This carries the amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Uracil - The nitrogenous base in RNA that replaces thymine in DNA, and pairs with adenine.
Wells - Small holes poked in the end of electrophoresis gel that the solution is put into.
Z-DNA - One of the two forms of DNA. Z-DNA is a
zigzag.
source:
www.thinkquest.org
The Cosmic SerpentThe Cosmic Serpent is a personal adventure, a fascinating study of anthropology and ethnopharmacology, and a revolutionary look at how intelligence and consciousness may come into being. In a first-person narrative of scientific discovery that open new perspectives on biology, anthropology, and the limits of rationalism. Jeremy Narby reveals how startlingly different the world around us appears when we open our minds to it.
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