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From Kathleen Sullivan
The Author and Copyright
Definition and Common Elements
General Categories
Myths and Realities Concerning Ritual Child
Abuse
Conclusion
Notes
From: Kathleen Sullivan
I will also soon be typing up a front-page article that Sylvia
Gillotte, Esq. (S.C. gov's office, guardian ad litem for ritual
abuse victims) wrote for a "Believe the Children"
newsletter about ritual abuse. I got her express permission to
put the article out via the net.
This article is being posted with the original author's
express permission. It was printed in the Fall, 1996
"Believe the Children" newsletter. "Believe the
Children," a nonprofit organization, can be contacted at
P.O. Box 797, Cary, IL 60013. Their voice mail # is (630)
515-5432.
Contents
Sylvia Lynn Gillotte is Chairman of the Resource Manual
Project, Officer of the Governor, Guardian Ad Litem Program, in
Spartanburg, South Carolina.
This article was reprinted by permission of the author [to
Kathleen Sullivan] from "Representing Children in Family
Court: A Resource Manual for Attorneys and Guardians Ad
Litem," a publication of the South Carolina Bar.
Copyright 1993, 1995. The author [Sylvia Lynn Gillotte]
retains all rights related to the republishing of this material
for professional and educational purposes. This material can only
be used by express permission of the author. Requests should be
directed to the author through the South Carolina Bar, Continuing
Legal Education Division, Attention: Publications Division, P.O.
Box 608, Columbia, SC 29202-0608.
Contents
Ritual abuse is an extremely sadistic form of
child abuse and neglect. Although accounts of such abuse date
back several centuries,1 it is
a phenomenon which has only recently been widely publicized and
recognized. Modern revelations concerning the existence of ritual
abuse have coincided with our increased awareness of child abuse
in general, and the recognition of multiple personality and
dissociative disorders by the medical and therapeutic
communities.
Because of the nature of the abuse, the
diversity of the perpetrators, and the many manifestations which
"ritual crime" can take, defining ritual abuse is not
an easy task and has been the subject of controversy.2
A report by the Lost Angeles County Commission for Women, Ritual
Abuse Task Force, defined it as "...a
brutal form of abuse ... consisting of physical, sexual, and
psychological abuse, and involving the use of rituals."3 It is perhaps more helpful to
move beyond definition, and to identify some common elements
which distinguish ritual abuse from other forms of child abuse.
Generally, most cases involving ritualistic child abuse include
the following elements:
As this Resource Manual focuses on the representation of
children in family court, it is important to distinguish the
terms "ritual abuse" and "ritual crime."
Ritual crime is criminal activity which includes the use of
ritual symbols and/or paraphernalia, but does not necessarily
involve the abuse of children. Ritual child abuse, on the other
hand, could be a sub-category of ritual crime, the focus of which
is the deliberate exploitation, programming, and abuse of
children. Participants in ritual crime may act individually, but
usually operate in a group setting. Most groups, also referred to
as cults, could be said to fall into one of several generally
recognized categories:
Myth 1: The activities and the
abuse described by alleged victims and survivors are too
horrendous to be believable. Humanity, in general, is incapable
of such organized atrocities.
Reality: Unfortunately,
accounts of child mutilation, infanticide,
cannibalism and the use of blood, feces and urine in ritual
ceremonies dates back hundreds of years and can be found in a
number of early pagan cultures.9
The spread of Christianity, Judaism, and other religions into
Northern Europe did not eliminate these ritual traditions. Many
groups continued to practice their earlier beliefs underground,
sometimes combining elements of the old and the new.10
Furthermore, modern history is replete with examples of man's
inhumanity to man, both individually and at an organized level.
The Holocaust is a prime example of the execution, brutal torture
and treatment of millions of innocent people in the name of
ideology and belief. The military and civilian officers who
carried out Hitler's directives could be compared to modern day
cult members who must also lead "Jekyll and Hyde"
existences. Also, like organized cults, the success of Hitler's
plan was dependent upon absolute secrecy and the ingenious use of
controlled propaganda and programming.
Myth 2: If ritual abuse truly
existed, then children and adults exposed to such abuse would
come forward and expose the activities of the cult rather than
continue to be victimized.
Reality: Most victims and
participants in organized cults are either born into them or
recruited at a very young age. In either case, programming and
brainwashing begins very early, sometimes even in utero.
Programming is systematic and brutal, and is directed at every
level of the individual's awareness: physical, emotional, mental,
and spiritual. The use of terror in conjunction with very
sophisticated techniques effectively robs the individual of
his/her will.
The choice of "allegiance to the cult" or
"death to self or others" is the number one reality to
any cult member or victim and serves as the biggest deterrent to
disclosure. Survivors who seek therapeutic help, as well as
non-participating individuals who have discovered the involvement
of a spouse or other family member, are often mislabelled or
misdiagnosed as "hysterical," "paranoid," or
"histronic." In fact, their hysteria is based upon a
very real danger to themselves and to others.
Myth 3: No one could possibly
live this type of existence day in and day out without disclosing
or being discovered.
Reality: Virtually
every individual who survives cult victimization and
indoctrination develops an ability to dissociate. Dissociation is
the ability to separate oneself from one's thoughts, feelings,
and actions during an overwhelmingly traumatic or even
life-threatening event or experience.11
This process produces changes in memory and allows the individual
to function as if the trauma had not occurred. In effect, it is
the psyche's way of surviving an otherwise impossible situation
while preserving some area of healthy functioning.
Repeated dissociation may ultimately
result in the development of Multiple Personality Dosorder (MPD).
With MPD, the birth personality (that identity which was in
existence prior to the trauma) retreats during the dissociative
process and a series of separate, fragmented
"personalities" develop to take on specific functions
in the outside world. These distinct personalities are usually
referred to as "alters" or "components." They
can be called into action by the individual, or triggered through
programmed response by the cult.12
Because of the function they serve within the individual's
psyche, most alters are not co-conscious with one another and
therefore operate independently within the personality system.13
Dissociation and MPD are conditions
which permit victims of ritual abuse and other severe trauma and
abuse to function in a contradictory or "Jekyll and
Hyde" manner -- exhibiting more "normal"
personalities by day, and "ritual" personalities by
night. It is impossible to understand ritual abuse without
comprehending the roles that dissociation and MPD play in the
process.14 For example,
females are often programmed to be "amnesic" about
their cult involvement during their child-bearing years, ensuring
the cult regular access to any offspring for early
indoctrination.15
Thus, the development of dissociation and MPD are an intended
result of ritual abuse and are induced through the use of
sophisticated mind control techniques involving overwhelming
pain, torture, and terror. Consequently, recognition and proper
diagnosis of these conditions by a professional experienced in
the treatment of MPD and dissociative disorders is essential.
Otherwise, successful investigation and treatment cannot be
undertaken.
Myth 4: If there is no physical
or tangible evidence of ritual abuse to support an allegation,
then the abuse did not occur.
Reality: Unfortunately, there
will rarely be physical evidence to substantiate allegations of
abuse involving transgenerational cults. Unlike criminal
investigations involving dabblers and self-styled cultists which
might produce ritual paraphernalia or even mitilated victims,
transgenerational cults are highly organized and extremely
secretive concerning their activities. Ritual sites and
ceremonial implements are carefully guarded before, during, and
after ritual ceremonies. Since the successful operation of the
cult is dependent upon absolute secrecy, thorough and systematic
disposal of any and all evidence is routine.
It is also often difficult to obtain
conclusive medical evidence supportive of a child's allegations
of ritual physical and sexual abuse.16
Most cults use very sophisticated abuse, torture, and mind
control techniques which are difficult to detect. For example,
during the abuse and programming of children, cults may use the
following: electro-shock; pins and needles which are inserted
under the fingernails or into sexual or other orifices of the
body; knife cuts or burns into the scalp, onto the soles of the
feet, or in the creases of the skin; as well as injuries designed
to be explainable by otherwise acceptable means.
While evidence of sexual abuse may be more apparent with the
use of a colposcope (i.e., repeated multiple perpetrator abuse is
more likely to leave scarring in the vaginal and areas in
children), most cults have physicians who treat and effectively
cover up evidence of abuse. In addition, it is important to
understand that cults prime infants early on for sexual
penetration using special instruments designed to stretch the
vagina and anus in a gradual, non-traumatic manner.
It is critical to remember that children who are victims of
ritual abuse rarely disclose such abuse until they re far removed
from their abusers, both in space and in time. In fact, it is
common for children not to reveal the ritual aspects of their
abuse until they have been removed from their home for a
substantial period of time following more limited allegations of
abuse. Such delays further reduce the likelihood of obtaining
conclusive medical evidence by way of sexual abuse examination or
drug screen.
Unfortunately, those uneducated regarding the dynamics of
ritual abuse refuse to believe some children as a result of the
extreme delay in disclosure and lack of independent medical
evidence. Thus, it is important to be aware that children
subjected to the degree of pain and torture commonly used by
perpetrators of ritual abuse are terrorized into silence and have
a great deal of difficulty relating their abuse.
Myth 5: If ritual abuse were a
reality, then we would find the remains of victims or at least
have a record of the rexistence and disappearance.
Reality: Organized cults
have their own unique methods and systems for disposing of bodies
and/or body parts. Many cults either own or have access to a
crematorium, and are assisted by cult physicians and/or coroners
who cover up the cause of death of their victims. Less
sophisticated methods for body disposal which have been used
effectively are lime or acid pits, as well as tree shredders.17
In many cults, members must pledge ultimate allegiance to the
cult by offering up their first-born child for sacrifice. This
usually occurs during early adolescence, when the young female is
impregnated by a cult member during an important ritual. Early
labor is often induced by saline injection (e.g., at 6 months
gestation) and the fetus is then offered in a dedication
ceremony. Because of the size of the fetus at delivery, pregnancy
is rarely suspected by the outside world.
Commonly, infant victims who are to be used in sacrificial
rites are routinely provided by "breeders" within the
cults themselves. As with the first-born babies of cult members,
there is never any record of these children's existence, much
less their deaths. Other victims used by cults are the result of
baby trafficking, kidnapping, and the seduction of unsuspecting
runaways and vagrants.
Myth 6: It is inconceivable that
teachers, ministers, doctors, lawyers, judges, policemen,
sheriffs, pharmacists, undertakers, etc., would become involved
in cults.
Reality: It is true that, as a
general rule, members of these professions have no inclination to
join cults. Occasionally, however, cults do recruit such
individuals through the use of deceptive methods and blackmail.
For example, cult members might actively engate an individual
they feel would be receptive to illegal activity (i.e., drugs,
child pornography, group sex, etc.). After enticing him/her to
participate in that activity, they would surreptitiously
videotape the event. At that point, the public official or
professional would be at the mercy of the cult and could be
called upon at any time, as needed.
The most important thing to understand, however, is that
children born into transgenerational cult families are primed and
groomed to enter certain professions which are critical to the
networking and protection of the cult. Therefore, the professions
listed above are among those highly pursued by cult members. The
greater the number of prominent members of the community in a
cult, the less likely that the cult will ever be discovered; or
if discovered, that there will be a successful prosecution.
Myth 7: If highly organized
transgenerational cults have been in existence for hundreds of
years, then surely they would have been infiltrated or penetrated
by now.
Reality: The very nature and
structure of ritualistic cults prohibit their infiltration. In
order for a law enforcement officer or investigator to penetrate
a cult, he/she must first earn the trust of group members by
engagin in illegal and offensive activity which would include the
drinking of blood and urine, the eating of feces, and the
participation in animal sacrifice at a minimum. Only after
repeated tests and trials involving the individual would he/she
be permitted to participate in more intimate and heinous rites
involving child sexual abuse, mutilation, and sacrifice.
The secret of cults has been kept for a very long time and the
majority of activities which have been exposed only involve
criminal acts related to money-making endeavors. These have
included trafficking of children, weapons, narcotics, child
pornography, and other crimes such as insurance and computer
fraud. The bottomless pit of financial resources to which cults
have access also makes them less vulnerable to attack.
Myth 8: Therapists and other
adults are putting these outrageous ideas in the minds of
children and making them believe that they have actually
experienced these abuses.
Reality: Unfortunately, the focus
of the media following reports of ritual abuse in day care cases
across this country has been to question the veracity and
integrity of not only the child victims, but the parents and
professionals who are working to protect the children as well.
Children who are abused in day care settings react in the same
manner as children who have been terrorized into silence as
members of transgenerational cults. When a concerned parent or
therapist who is dealing with the emotional and psychological
aftermath manages to make the child feel safe enough to make a
disclosure, the system responds for discounting the allegations
on the basis that the disclosure was not made at the onset of the
therapeutic process.
It is critical to understand that the terror
and intimidation used by ritual abuse perpetrators is designed to
be so severe that the children involved will not disclose their
victimization to anyone. Extreme delay in disclosure is the
"norm" in cases of ritual abuse, and should never be
used to discredit a child's allegations. As has been very aptly
stated by Dr. Catherine Gould, a national expert in the area of
ritual child abuse: "...you can abuse a hundred children
ritualistically, with all the overlay of terror...and pretty much
a hundred children will keep the secret of their abuse until
there is some kind of intervention."18
One cannot buy into the argument that children making these
allegations have been brainwashed into relating false statements
without somehow supporting the notion that there is an
international conspiracy among children, parents, therapists and
other professionals, to disseminate similar information for some
unknown gain. The fact of the matter is that parallel reports of
such abuse are surfacing in Westernized countries all over the
world, and they are coming from victims of all ages who have no
knowledge of one another.
Brainwashing and conspiracy are a reality in ritual child
abuse cases. However, te culprits are most often members of
long-standing, organized cult, not the therapists and other
professionals who are struggling to assist the ever-increasing
number of victims who choose to come forward.
Myth 9: If any part of a child's
allegations concerning ritual abuse is obviously false or
insupportable, then the abuse did not occur.
Reality: Cult members are
extremely intelligent. They understand the legal and judicial
process and carefully design their rituals so that children who
might disclose will be discredited. In addition to the use of
various drugs which make children more compliant and distort
their perceptions of reality, cults have been known to use the
following techniques quite effectively:
Because the dynamics of ritualistic child abuse differ
significantly from the dynamics of "ordinary" child
abuse, we must understand how these differences should alter our
handling of such cases within the legal system.
First of all, we must be awre that while consistency in a
child's disclosure of abuse is usually a good indicator of
veracity, inconsistency regarding accounts of abuse may be more
common in -- and "consistent with" -- ritualistic child
abuse. This is due to the mind control component which is unique
to ritual abuse, and the impact of dissociation and multiple
personality disorder on disclosure.
Furthermore, while children may report some form of
victimization during initial interviews of suspected abuse, the
ritual aspects of their abuse may never be disclosed. When
children do disclose ritual abuse, the extreme delay in
disclosure, coupled with perceived "discrepancies" from
original accounts, often results in system disbelief and a
failure to further invetigate and prosecute additional
allegations.
Practitioners also need to be aware that
medical and physical evidence substantiating ritual child abuse
is difficult to obtain, especially in view of the extreme delay
in disclosure. While it may be appropriate to request that
toxicology tests and a sexual abuse examination be conducted on a
child, receipt of negative or non-conclusive results does not
negate the child's allegations.19
Nor does the fact that some of the specifics of a child's
allegations can be disproved. (See "Myth 4" and
"Myth 9" above). It <is> thus critical to seek
the assistance of professionals with experience in ritual abuse
who might shed light on the child's allegations.
Finally, once an investigation concerning ritual child abuse
has commenced, the advocate should not be surprised if
prosecution of the charges does not occur. In addition to system
denial and evidentiary considerations, "interested"
individuals who may be well-placed in the system can and should
be expected to intervene. ("Myth 6").
Contents
Click [ref] to go to the reference to the note in the text.
1. [ref] For an excellent
discussion of historical accounts of ritual child abuse in
Europe, see "Believe the Children Newsletter," Volume
IX (1992).
2. [ref] Civia Tamarkin, a
well-known freelance journalist, has advocated strongly for a
modification of our lexicon as it relates to ritual (or
ritualistic) abuse. Her argument is that the use of the term
"ritual" tends to minimize the more commonly recognized
elements of "sadistic" abuse, and results in a failure
on the part of the media, our legal system, and the public to
appreciate and address the real problem: the sadistic abuse and
exploitation of children by organized perpetrator groups.
Furthermore, the term "ritual" usually has a
connotation which implies that this activity is religiously
related and/or motivated. This is often not the case.
3. [ref] The Task Force
Report is an excellent reference for virtually any professional
who works with children.
4. [ref] I make a
distinction between "organized cult" and
"organized crime," which while also engaged in highly
organized and secretive criminal activity, does not have the
additional elements of "ritual symbology" and
sophisticated "mind control programming."
5. [ref] The terms
"transgenerational" or "multigenerational,"
are often used to describe groups who participate in this
activity and whose beliefs and practices are passed on,
generation after generation. In such groups, the indoctrination
of young children begins very early and is critical to the
perpetuation of ritual practices which can date back hundreds of
years.
6. [ref] The results of this
study are further discussed in Volume IX of "Believe the
Children Newsletter" (1992).
7. [ref] The Appendix
("Professional Articles") contains two articles by
ritual abuse survivors. Their accounts will help you to
understand the psychological devastation which these victims
endure.
8. [ref] For an excellent
discussion of this issue, see Catherine Gould's article entitled
"Denying the Ritual Abuse of Children" in the Appendix
("Professional Articles").
9. [ref] See "Believe
the Children Newsletter," Volume IX (1992), in the Appendix
("Professional Articles").
10. [ref] Many people are
not aware of the fact that dates for several Christian holidays
are based upon early pagan ceremonial dates. For example, Easter
is always scheduled for the first Sunday after the full moon in
April. Such scheduling originated as a compromise between early
Christian leaders and the conquered pagans of Northern Europe.
11. [ref] Dissociation is
a common response to the trauma of child abuse and is not limited
to ritual abuse. When a child is dissociative, he/she exhibits
certain behaviors which are identifiable. Beverly James discusses
these behaviors in "The Dissociatively Disordered
Child." See Appendix, "Professional Articles."
12. [ref] For an excellent
discussion on cult programming, see "Common Programs
Observed in Survivors of Satanic Ritualistic Abuse," by
David Neswald. (Appendix, "Professional Articles").
13. [ref] The South
Carolina Supreme Court demonstrated a remarkable grasp of MPD in
its decision of "Rutherford v. Rutherford," 307 S.C.
199, 414 S.E. 2d 157 (1992). In "Rutherford," the court
ruled that a wife's adultery, committed while under the mental
illness of MPD, may not be grounds for divorce if the party can
clearly show the adulterous personality function at the time did
not know she was committing adultery.
14. [ref] See Dale
McCulley's article entitled "Satanic Ritual Abuse: A
Question of Memory," Appendix ("Professional
Articles").
15. [ref] Very often,
mothers whose children spontaneously disclose ritual abuse by
other family members are initially shocked and surprised by the
disclosure. However, as time passes, the experience may cause
what is sometimes referred to as "bleed-through memory"
that is, they begin to remember incidences involving their own
cult victimization and participation. These women are sometimes
hesitant to report or admit their prior involvement for fear of
losing custody of the very children they are attempting to
protect. It is important to remember that these women may need
additional therapy and support themselves.
16. [ref] This is likewise
true in your average child sexual abuse or molestation case. (See
evidence section of manual for Dr. Baker's discussion of medical
studies confirming this fact).
17. [ref] My contact with
survivors in South Carolina and other states in the South reveals
that alligators are commonly used as a means of disposal in these
areas.
18. [ref] Remarks from a
"Professional Overview" video produced by Cavalcade
Productions, Ukiah, California. The point here is that even
children who come from families where they have presumably
experienced a great deal of love and nurturing can be terrorized
into complete silence by such abuse. Since it appears that
children who are ritually abused and programmed between the ages
of birth and six are at highest risk for developing complex
levels of dissociation and MPD, the implications to families and
children who survive such an experience are enormous.
19. [ref] It may be more
effective to request sexual abuse examinations or toxicology
tests on children who have not yet disclosed ritualistic abuse,
but whose behaviors indicate cause for concern. Toxicology
testing such as hair sampling is neither invasive nor traumatic.
Furthermore, hair retains toxicological traces for an extended
period of time, depending on frequency of use.
Contents
source:
http://www.morethanconquerors.simplenet.com/MCF/childrit.htm#r19
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